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Differentiation potential of polydendrocytes in pathological states of central nervous system
Pavlištová, Tereza ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Smejkalová, Terézia (referee)
NG2 cells also called polydendrocytes or oligodendrocyte progenitors comprise fourth type of glial cells in the brain. Ng2 glia express distinct markers on their cell surface, which can be used for their identification. Particularly, NG2 proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate and receptors for platelet-derived growth factor belong to the main markers. Polydendrocytes arise in two canals of spinal cord and also in the ventral part of frontal brain, telencephalon and diencephalon. Population of NG2 cells is heterogeneous because they differ morphologically, by their electrophysiological properties and distinct differentiation potential depending on localization in brain. In conditions in vitro, polydendrocytes can differentiate into oligodendrocytes, protoplasmic astrocytes or neurons. In early postnatal brain, NG2 glia give rise to astrocytes, but most of these cells remain in the mature state or change themselves to oligodendrocytes. Pathological states of the central nervous system cause an activation of polydendrocytes, they start to be hypertrophied and increase expression of NG2 proteoglycan. Reaction of these cells is influenced by environment and chemical factors, for example growth factors, morphogens and cytokines. Depending on the type of CNS disorder the differentiation potential of NG2 glia...
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